Miscellaneous

Crystals of which compound may be seen on microscopy in gout?

Uric acid

Crystals of which compound may be seen on microscopy in chondrocalcinosis (pseudogout)?

Calcium pyrophosphate

Which 2 classes of diuretics can increase the risk of gout?

1) Thiazide diuretics

2) Loop diuretics

Which organism is the commonest cause of septic arthritis in adults?

Staphylococcus aureus

List 4 causes of seronegative arthritis

1) Psoriatic arthropathy

2) Enteropathic arthritis (inflammatory bowel disease)

3) Ankylosing spondylitis

4) Reactive arthritis

PEAR

In Behçet’s syndrome at which two sites does ulceration typically occur?

1) Oral

2) Genital

List the 2 auto-antibodies which may be found in Sjögren’s syndrome

1) Anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies

2) Anti-La (SSB) antibodies

Which auto-antibody is characteristically found in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis?

Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I) antibodies

Which auto-antibody is characteristically found in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis?

Anti-centromere antibodies

List the triad of Reiter’s syndrome

1) Seronegative arthritis

2) Urethritis

3) Conjunctivitis

What is the main symptom of ankylosing spondylitis?

Chronic back pain – with morning stiffness

Which genetic association commonly occurs in ankylosing spondylitis?

HLA-B27

Which skin condition may be an extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis?

Psoriasis

Approximately what percentage of patients with ankylosing spondylitis also have psoriasis

10%

Approximately what percentage of patients with ankylosing spondylitis have inflammatory bowel disease?

50%