Cardiology

  • Question: A 45‑year‑old man with a history of prosthetic aortic valve presents with fever, malaise, and new regurgitant murmur. Blood cultures are positive for Staphylococcus aureus. According to the modified Duke criteria, what major criterion does this fulfill?

    A. Evidence of vascular phenomena
    B. Positive echocardiographic findings
    C. Predisposing heart condition
    D. Microbiological evidence
    E. Immunologic phenomena

  • Answer: D. Microbiological evidence

  • Reference:

    Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID): Criteria for infective endocarditis – Updating the modified Duke criteria (2023)

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Respiratory